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弦歌而行：浙江大学信息与电子工程学院60周年院史文集》",[507,525,526],{},"采访日期：2016年暑期",[507,528,529],{},"采访人：2013级电子科学与技术专业本科生 马涵之",[507,531,532],{},[502,533,534],{},"正文：",[507,536,537,538,540],{},"得益于学院的对外交流项目，我和丁力等三位同学在2016年暑期来到美国密苏里科技大学进行科研交流。在学院老师的荐引下，我们三位同学有幸前往加州拜访",[502,539,504],{},"校友，并与其进行了长达三个小时的轻松交谈。段校友很热情，不把我们当外人，我们就海阔天空地随意提问，想办法多角度地了解段校友在大学期间的点滴往事和人生感悟。段校友对我们这些小师妹小师弟不设防，认真回答我们提出的问题，让人很是感动。采访之后，我们以“问和答\"的形式仔细地整理出了采访稿，以尽可能地反映当时的采访原貌，原汁原味地表现段校友的情怀和智慧。",[507,542,543],{},[502,544,545],{},"问：当初您为什么选择到浙大就读？",[507,547,548],{},"**大道：**我是江西人，浙大离江西比较近。当时高考是考前就填志愿的，我其实不知道填哪儿好，也不知道别人水平怎么样，自己考成什么样。那时刚刚恢复高考，1977年和1978 年我都考了，77年没考上，1978年就继续考，中间隔了半年。北大、清华在江西省招的专业我不喜欢，北大只招地球物理专业，清华招水利专业，这两个专业我都没有填。我看到浙大有无线电电子工程学系，好像很时髦，就报了，报的时候也没有报专业，专业是进去以后分的，电子物理技术听起来就挺神秘的，我就选这个专业了。",[507,550,551],{},[502,552,553],{},"问：你们上大学时有什么课？您特别喜欢哪门课？",[507,555,556],{},"**大道：**课蛮多的。大一学基础课，有高等数学、普通物理、普通化学、政治、英语，还有体育课、金工实习等。大二开始就有一些专业性较强的课，比如电磁场、电子线路，还有复变函数、数理方程、概率论、数理统计等数学课程。大三后专业课较多，如微波电子学、真空。真空其实蛮高科技的，你要把一个东西抽成真空的，就要用到非常多的科技手段，比如把壁上的气泡给赶出来，就要用到非常多的原理。最简单的例子是灯泡，灯泡里面必须真空，要是里面有氧气的话，灯丝马上烧断了。再复杂一点，就是真空度高的问题，里面真空度高了，那外面压强就大了，抽成真空还是难的，这与我们的专业紧密相关，比如高能粒子加速器里面肯定要真空的，要是里面都是分子，粒子怎么穿得过去啊，所以必须抽空，剩下百分之几的空气，你不可能百分之百的抽光，总会有这样那样的东西在里面。半导体里面有很多这样的东西，线路板里面有很多都要搞真空的。这么多年了，详细的也记不太清了，粗略的、概念的内容还是清楚的。",[507,558,559],{},"谈不上有什么特别喜欢的课，但老师讲课讲得挺好的印象较深的是教复变函数和数理方程的老师，但这个老师后来被调到复旦大学了。这个专业不是我特别想搞的东西，所以后来也没有再考这方面的研究生。",[507,561,562],{},"每个人喜欢的东西不一样。研究生我是去中国人民大学读的，读的是经济学，后来从事的行业也都跟经济有关，当然，跟电子也有关系，做电子产品的研发和销售，比如我现在还做手机。我们的手机卖得蛮好，在国内所占的份额应该算是梃厉害的。但是我们不追求这个，这是一个自然的结果。我不关心别人的份额是多少，但是，我们的份额我是知道的。我们不公布具体的数据，因为我们不是上市公司，不强制我们公布。",[507,564,565],{},[502,566,567],{},"问：您对哪些老师印象最深刻？",[507,569,570,571,517,574,577,578,517,581,584],{},"**大道：**当时给我们上专业课的老师现在不一定还在上课，大部分老师退休了。跟我比较熟悉的是黄恭宽老师，他肯定不给你们上课了，当然别的老师对学生也蛮好。黄老师给我的印象最深，因为黄老师教的东西对我成长有益，他不是简单地教课本内容，而是经常讲些道理。记得有一次做实验，需要用力拧，我想要拧得更紧一些，结果弹簧被拧出来了。",[502,572,573],{},"黄老师说做事要留有余地啊",[502,575,576],{},"说我最后为了一点好处就冒了这么大的风险","。因为装回去很难，需要费好大劲才装得回去，所以要留一点点余地，用劲到95％就可了，不用追求100%的好处，否则到最后你会失去更多。",[502,579,580],{},"不是所有的事情都要竭尽全力",[502,582,583],{},"最好都留一点余地","。",[507,586,587],{},"所有老师都是很好的，那个时候老师跟同学的关系挺紧密的。跟我们打交道比较多的是周建华老师，他那时候做我们的辅导员，现在已退休。他负责过紫金港新校区的建设，我跟他也比较熟，最近他身体不太好，我挺牵挂他！",[507,589,590],{},[502,591,592],{},"问：您是怎么安排学习的？您当时的兴趣爱好是什么？",[507,594,595],{},"**大道：**我没有刻意安排学习，反正该上课就上课，该考试就考试。我平常交作业会比较晚，所以平时分比较低，但是到考试的时候较认真，会突击复习一段时间。那时学风好，不太会有人想作弊。",[507,597,598],{},"那个年代的大学生没有太多的兴趣，不像现在，玩的东西多，还有网络。那个时候只能下下围棋，打打桥牌。打桥牌是我在学校里学的，围棋自己本来就会一点，但是下得也不好。我下围棋也不是很花工夫，可能也就业余初段，顶多业余二段。那个时候能玩的东西确实不多，看个电视还要跑到主楼的大教室里，要走10多分钟，主要看个球类比赛，如男排、女排、男足。看男足最关心的是男足冲出亚洲，他们冲不出去啊，现在也很难冲出去。那个时候我们的活动和娱乐确实比较少。",[507,600,601],{},[502,602,603],{},"问：你们组织过什么活动？",[507,605,606],{},"**大道：**我参加的比较少。我原来是1978级的，上了半年学，因为身体的原因就回家了，休学了一年，到了1979年复学。到新班级同学就不熟了，差半年感觉就差好多，虽然大家对我很好，我也喜欢新班级，但一直都觉得自己像个局外人一样，所以参加活动也不太多。毕业实习的时候，我去南京实习。从南京回浙大那一路，我是玩回来的，无锡啊，苏州啊，上海啊，感觉像是旅游过了。那个时候绝对算穷游了，我回学校的时候身上大概只剩一毛钱了。",[507,608,609],{},"那个时候一毛钱还能干点事，按当时物价，一个月的消费估计是七八块钱，10块钱左右就勉强能过了。20块钱的生活费绝对是很宽裕了，大家都没钱，当然也就不会出去玩了。",[507,611,612],{},[502,613,614],{},"问：那时大家比较关注什么？",[507,616,617],{},"**大道：**不太记得了。关注考试？好像也不是那么关注，不到考试我都不着急。我有个毛病，上课有时会睡觉，所以成绩也就中等。我们班30个人，我成绩大概排在十七八名，既不在前10名，也不在后10名。比较幸运，考试成绩还可以，一到最后几个礼拜，只要我努努力，还是挺好的。我没挂过科(考试不及格)，只要努力就不应该挂科。如果我努努力，也能考90多分。",[507,619,620],{},"我记得学校、系里有足球比赛。我不知道现在还有没有比赛，当时是有的。当时我们班在系里还拿过冠军，,我还当过守门，也不太会，反正球来了就接呗。",[507,622,623],{},[502,624,625],{},"问：如何给自己设定人生目标？你在大学时的人生感悟是什么？",[507,627,628],{},"**大道：**我们上大学的时候，头两年可能认为上大学就是人生的终极目标，上了大学就是天之骄子了，所以进了学校好像突然就一下子茫然了，忙半天也不知道自己在忙啥，发现学的东西也不太感兴趣，觉得不好玩也不开心。",[507,630,631,632,517,635,638,639,517,642,517,645,517,648,584,651,517,654,517,657,584],{},"大概到了大三，",[502,633,634],{},"有一天我突然悟到",[502,636,637],{},"乐趣是在过程中的","。因为我高考的经历比较特殊，我是往届生，在准备迎考的过程中一直很努力，有个目标在那里，就一直往前走，每天非常充实。等考上大学拿到录取通知书了，在我们那个小地方也算是高考状元了，过400分的人就我一个。听到有人在说：“啊！有个人考了400多分呢。” 我心里很得意啊。到了学校以后，突然发现失去了目标，就没有乐趣了。",[502,640,641],{},"后来悟到",[502,643,644],{},"人生的乐趣就是在过程当中",[502,646,647],{},"需要自己不断地设定目标",[502,649,650],{},"而不只是达到某个目标",[502,652,653],{},"达到某个目标以后",[502,655,656],{},"就要设定新的目标",[502,658,659],{},"才会找到乐趣",[507,661,662],{},"为什么很多人喜欢玩游戏？游戏容易有目标，达到目标之后马上又有新的目标，所以有个过程。在现实生活当中，这样一个过程是很必要的，比如考硕士、博士，这都不是终极目标，但是这个过程你都可以享受。而且你达到这个目标以后，得马上再有下一个目标，当然需要是你自己喜欢的目标，如果你不喜欢就要避开。如果把考研作为终极目标的话就不合适了。",[507,664,665],{},"我自己有过这方面的体验。大学毕业的时候我要考研，在学校里复习了一个暑假，过得很辛苦、很不容易。报名的时候，教室里满墙贴着各个学校的招生简章、专业介绍（那个时候还没有电脑)，我在那里看了三天，一个一个地看，就没有任何一个专业是我想考的。",[507,667,668,517,671,517,674,517,677,517,680,584,683,517,686,517,689,584],{},[502,669,670],{},"可能是我想得比较长远：专业与职业相连",[502,672,673],{},"不能是某个专业考上就行了",[502,675,676],{},"如果这个东西不是以后想干的东西",[502,678,679],{},"那考进去之后该怎么办？所以呢",[502,681,682],{},"三天以后我就放弃考研了",[502,684,685],{},"很多人就奇怪：怎么复习了这么久",[502,687,688],{},"复习得这么辛苦",[502,690,691],{},"你咋又不考了？是因为我没有想考的专业啊",[507,693,694,695,517,698,701],{},"毕业的时候，很多人问我将来的打算是什么，我说：“如果你们哪天听见我又考研究生了，你也就不用问我混得怎样了，肯定是混得不好，表明我不喜欢所处的环境，所以只能选择继续考研。”后来我确实考研了。因为，我毕业被分配到北京后，不满意所在的工作环境，就考了人大的研究生，彻底换了个方向和行业，我不搞技术了。我不是说搞技术有什么不好，",[502,696,697],{},"只是每个人喜欢的东西确实不一样",[502,699,700],{},"我觉得技术激发不了自己的兴趣","。这算是我在人生过程中学到的一个东西：乐趣是在过程当中的。",[507,703,704,705,707,709,711],{},"还有一个感悟我觉得蛮重要的。大三的时候，也不知道是我在哪看到，还是谁说的一句话，叫作**“",[514,706,15],{"href":516},[502,708,517],{},[514,710,19],{"href":520},"”**。",[507,713,714,517,717,517,720,584,725,517,728,517,731,584,734,517,743,517,746,517,749,584,752,517,755,584,758,517,763,584,769,584],{},[502,715,716],{},"人总是会犯错的",[502,718,719],{},"但很多人不知道什么是对的事情",[502,721,722,723],{},"什么是",[514,724,19],{"href":520},[502,726,727],{},"你要坚持什么？错的事情一定不能坚持",[502,729,730],{},"必须改；对的事情",[502,732,733],{},"要坚持",[502,735,736,737,739,740,742],{},"坚持的意思就是你在",[514,738,15],{"href":516},",在",[514,741,19],{"href":520},"的过程当中",[502,744,745],{},"你会犯很多错误",[502,747,748],{},"会吃很多亏",[502,750,751],{},"这也是一个学习的过程",[502,753,754],{},"然后呢",[502,756,757],{},"你要去坚持",[502,759,760,761],{},"因为如果想要",[514,762,15],{"href":516},[502,764,765,766,768],{},"你就要接受在",[514,767,15],{"href":516},"的过程中有可能会犯错误",[502,770,771],{},"这个感悟对我一生影响非常大",[507,773,774],{},"我曾受浙大校方邀请，为毕业生做过毕业典礼演讲，当时是在大操场上，学生乱哄哄的，给我印象特别不好，但我还是说了三点：",[507,776,777,517,782],{},[502,778,779,780],{},"第一点就是",[514,781,15],{"href":516},[502,783,784,786],{},[514,785,19],{"href":520},"；",[507,788,789,517,792],{},[502,790,791],{},"第二点是“胸无大志”",[502,793,794],{},"就是你要踏踏实实去做你喜欢的事情；",[507,796,797,517,804,810],{},[502,798,799,800,803],{},"还有一点是要做",[514,801,166],{"href":802},"\u002Fzhengzhi","的人",[502,805,806,807,809],{},"做",[514,808,166],{"href":802},"的人就是心里头比较坦荡","。整天耍小聪明，其实是很难受的。（你们这些还没有毕业的，可能是感受不到）。",[507,812,813,517,816,517,819,517,822,517,825,517,828,517,831,517,834,517,837,517,840,584,843,517,846,584,849,584,852,517,855,517,858,517,861,517,864,517,867,517,870,584,875,517,878,517,881,584],{},[502,814,815],{},"很多人一辈子自认为很聪明",[502,817,818],{},"不说一辈子了",[502,820,821],{},"就说半辈子吧",[502,823,824],{},"几十年来一直在挣扎",[502,826,827],{},"做每一个选择的时候看的都是眼前的利益",[502,829,830],{},"所以一直在来来回回兜圈子",[502,832,833],{},"没有长远的考虑",[502,835,836],{},"没有对错",[502,838,839],{},"没有是非",[502,841,842],{},"只有利益",[502,844,845],{},"几十年后",[502,847,848],{},"你会看见眼光差异带来的人的差异是非常巨大的",[502,850,851],{},"做企业也是一样",[502,853,854],{},"我觉得做任何事情",[502,856,857],{},"不管做哪个行业",[502,859,860],{},"当教授也好",[502,862,863],{},"做研究也好",[502,865,866],{},"搞技术也好",[502,868,869],{},"都是要看得很远",[502,871,872,873],{},"要选择",[514,874,15],{"href":516},[502,876,877],{},"如果是错的事情",[502,879,880],{},"要尽早发现",[502,882,883],{},"尽早结束",[507,885,886,887,517,890,584,893,517,896,517,899,584],{},"这是我在大学里面得到的一个很重要的体会。不是每个人都知道这个道理的。",[502,888,889],{},"很多人知道要坚持",[502,891,892],{},"坚持啥他就不知道了",[502,894,895],{},"要坚持就要容忍错误",[502,897,898],{},"什么样的错误可以容忍？做错的事情",[502,900,901],{},"它必然会带来错误的结果",[507,903,904,517,907,584,910,517,913,517,916,517,919,517,922,517,925,584,928,584,931,517,934,584,937,517,940,517,943,517,946,517,949,517,952,584],{},[502,905,906],{},"比方说企业",[502,908,909],{},"坑蒙拐骗是绝对不能做的事情",[502,911,912],{},"你想想",[502,914,915],{},"一个企业如果把能赚到钱作为终极目标",[502,917,918],{},"就会认为蒙钱也是行的",[502,920,921],{},"所以也就没有是非了",[502,923,924],{},"然而蒙着蒙着",[502,926,927],{},"最后就垮了",[502,929,930],{},"很多企业垮了都不知道是什么原因垮的",[502,932,933],{},"这样做企业有点像小偷",[502,935,936],{},"被抓到了只会觉得偷技不够好",[502,938,939],{},"如果这样想",[502,941,942],{},"那下回偷的时候会更精",[502,944,945],{},"会偷得更大",[502,947,948],{},"被抓起来后也会判罪更重",[502,950,951],{},"这不就是永远总结不出错误的原因来了吗？如果终于总结出来偷东西不对,哪怕偷技再高也从此不偷了",[502,953,954],{},"才表明悟对了",[507,956,957],{},"那些偷技很高的人肯定是很聪明的，如果把聪明用到做正道的事情上，30年以后肯定也很厉害，所以这是一个很大的道理，这种大道理愿意听的人很少。",[507,959,960,961,964,965,584,968,971],{},"当然了，有成就的人本来就比较少。但是，总会有人去想这个东西，总会有人想得很长远。",[502,962,963],{},"我们做的每一件事情都跟我们20年以后","、",[502,966,967],{},"30年以后有关联",[502,969,970],{},"想得长远些肯定会不一样啊","。比方说你喜欢教书，那你肯定会成为一个很好的老师，因为你喜欢，你享受，那么你就会想尽各种各样的方法让学生明白你教的东西，想办法让学生将来有用处，而不是让他们只是考好试，出了学校就不管了，如果只是这样，将来学生也不会感激你。",[507,973,974,517,977,517,980,517,983,517,986,584,989,517,992,964,995,964,998,964,1001,517,1004,517,1007,964,1010,584],{},[502,975,976],{},"大学那么多年",[502,978,979],{},"我记得最深的是黄恭宽老师跟我讲的那句话：“任何一个人",[502,981,982],{},"他最后选择职业的时候",[502,984,985],{},"如果想得很长远的话",[502,987,988],{},"他就会有所差异",[502,990,991],{},"”这个很大的差异你不知道在哪一刻会对你有所决定",[502,993,994],{},"包括在选专业的时候",[502,996,997],{},"在选学校的时候",[502,999,1000],{},"在选工作的时候",[502,1002,1003],{},"在选工作地点的时候",[502,1005,1006],{},"当然也包括在选择男女朋友的时候",[502,1008,1009],{},"就得想这个人能不能长久地相处",[502,1011,1012],{},"能不能够结婚",[507,1014,1015],{},[502,1016,1017],{},"问：在读书时有没有感到特别遗憾的事？",[507,1019,1020],{},"**大道：**没什么特别遗憾的事。那时候条件比较差一点，电脑刚出现还没普及。我们上大学的时候还没有PC，学的还是大型计算机。我们学的语言是FORTRAN，我先学的是BASIC，BASIC我觉得很好学，因为它是直白的东西，后来又学了FORTRAN，学的是一头雾水，又没有练习，计算机就上过一堂课，可能也就45分钟，还没搞明白怎么回事就下课了，下课后没法碰到计算机，所以我对计算机一直都很陌生。这对那个时候的我们也谈不上是遗憾，因为人总是处在某个年代。再过30年，你们会发现原来学过的东西又不行了，也不用30年，按照现在这个知识更新的速度，5年就够了。",[507,1022,1023,517,1026,517,1029,517,1032,517,1035,584,1038,517,1041,517,1046,517,1050,517,1053,517,1056,584,1059,517,1062,584,1065,517,1068,584],{},[502,1024,1025],{},"所以",[502,1027,1028],{},"在学校里",[502,1030,1031],{},"最重要的不是你学到的知识",[502,1033,1034],{},"而是你掌握的学习方法和人生感悟",[502,1036,1037],{},"包括我刚才讲到的那些道理",[502,1039,1040],{},"比如",[502,1042,1043,1044],{},"你要",[514,1045,15],{"href":516},[502,1047,1048],{},[514,1049,19],{"href":520},[502,1051,1052],{},"这个比什么都重要",[502,1054,1055],{},"包括要享受整个过程",[502,1057,1058],{},"而不只是追求某个结果",[502,1060,1061],{},"结果当然重要",[502,1063,1064],{},"但是结果没有你想象的那么重要",[502,1066,1067],{},"关键是要找到自己享受的事情",[502,1069,1070],{},"这个对于学生来讲还是很重要的",[507,1072,1073,1074,1077,1078,517,1081,1084],{},"我当年一直在想：是天之骄子了，应该很开心，应该觉得自己很了不起，但怎么一点乐趣都没有呢？为什么还老觉得整天都闷闷不乐呢？也不知道整天在忙什么，也想不起来想要看的书，作业也经常晚交，但是我从来不抄作业。",[502,1075,1076],{},"我会对照我的思考过程和别人的思考过程","。那时教材比较糟糕，也没有标准答案，我们做了习题，都不知道对错。",[502,1079,1080],{},"思考过程给我带来了乐趣",[502,1082,1083],{},"还带给我让自己满意的成绩","。像量子物理，现在不记得具体知识点了，但是一些大逻辑的东西还是记得的，比如熵定律。当时有人说要发明永动机，我第一直觉就是绝对不信，因为一直转不可能啊，不符合熵定律的，要这样的话这个世界就乱了。",[507,1086,1087,517,1090,517,1093,517,1096,517,1099,584,1102,517,1105,517,1108,517,1111,584],{},[502,1088,1089],{},"我感兴趣的东西是非常少的",[502,1091,1092],{},"我做企业也好",[502,1094,1095],{},"做投资也好",[502,1097,1098],{},"做很多事情都有个特点",[502,1100,1101],{},"就是专注",[502,1103,1104],{},"专注可以排掉杂音",[502,1106,1107],{},"排掉杂音以后还有个很重要的前提就是信念",[502,1109,1110],{},"就是要相信一些东西",[502,1112,1113],{},"坚持走下去",[507,1115,1116,1117,517,1120,517,1123,517,1126,517,1129,517,1132,584],{},"在学校里建立起的这些东西对我这一辈子影响非常大。我所领悟到的道理不一定是跟老师学的，老师基本上就是教课，能教这些东西的较少。据说现在学生要想见老师有点难了，因为学校太大了，人也太多了。",[502,1118,1119],{},"当然了",[502,1121,1122],{},"在学校学习",[502,1124,1125],{},"最重要的还是在于你自己",[502,1127,1128],{},"在于跟同学交流",[502,1130,1131],{},"也在于跟老师的交流",[502,1133,1134],{},"以及与所有人的交往",[507,1136,1137],{},[502,1138,1139],{},"问：您为什么想到要捐款？",[507,1141,1142],{},"**大道：**赚钱多的人要承担更多的社会责任，钱多了对自己的用处也不大。母校毕竟我待过，对它有感情，觉得给它比较放心。当年的浙大老师都还在，还有同学在，我觉得他们应该不会乱花。",[507,1144,1145],{},"总体来讲，我觉得他们还蛮好的，尤其是我们后来建的那个平安基金，运作得相当好。在信电系建这个基金我是挺赞同的，最早提出的是杨冬晓，他是我同学，当年也是我比较好的朋友。考研的时候，我们两个一块在学校复习，然后他考了我没考。他读书成绩是比较好的，在我们同班同学里他算最小的，我比他大三岁，他确实是读书比较钻研的人，也有可能是比较小，所以他也没有别的想法，反正就是爱上进、要读书，他也是比较腼腆的一个人。",[507,1147,1148],{},"（某同学们插话:“他现在上课是很生动的，还获得了永平奖教金，我们都喜欢上他的课。”）",[507,1150,1151],{},"**大道：**已经生动了啊？那他进步了，真是祝贺他！我说的是那个时候，现在30多年过去了，人肯定是会改变的。他管的平安基金，我觉得特别有系统，每一分钱花在哪儿都有章可循，并且用得很得体，因为还要帮老师保密，谁用了这个钱是不好公开出来的，只能很有限的几个人知道。",[507,1153,1154],{},"杨冬晓首提平安基金，说有些老师年纪大退休了，虽然有国家医疗保险，但是要用比较好、比较贵的药，国家不一定会给报销，他们自己又负担不起，如果有这么一个基金可以帮他们就好了。我说那我们就搞一个吧，就搞了这么一个平安基金。当然平安基金还可包括其他一些开支，比如支持退休老师们搞活动。就是让这些老师，尤其是退休的老师开心一点。现在的退休老师很多都是我们当年的老师，以后的老师也都能享受这个基金的好处了。杨冬晓管得好的原因就是他管得比较细，很明确。有些钱出去了以后虽然我跟不到，搞不清楚，但我总体相信浙大。",[507,1156,1157],{},[502,1158,1159],{},"问：当时这个平安基金除了退休的老师，您还加了三分部的卢医生？",[507,1161,1162],{},"**大道：**因为卢医生当年就是我们的医生。我们那个时候医务室有两个医生，我只记得卢医生。那个时候生个病，无依无靠的，离家又远，不像现在你还可以打个电话，那个时候打个电话可费劲了，一看医生态度好，“安慰”很大。我觉得卢医生对学生挺好的，卢医生应该也被加上。",[507,1164,1165],{},[502,1166,1167],{},"问：平安基金是您倡议的吗？",[507,1169,1170],{},"**大道：**其实也不是我倡议的，我只是支持。我给平安基金许下了承诺，就是别人捐多少我就配多少，最后总共大概是60万美元或者是600万元人民币我不记得了。反正基金运行也不错，当时大家说过的话也都一直都在起作用。没有遇到过什么困难。",[507,1172,1173],{},[502,1174,1175],{},"问：您所在的班级捐赠很积极，是不是受到了您的影响？",[507,1177,1178],{},"**大道：**没有人给我说过有这个效应，我也不知道我们班里捐了多少。我只知道我们班里面有些人捐款挺积极。我们公司系统的几个人，我有时也劝他们捐点，反正他们也有实力，所以就跟着一块捐了。陈明永也捐了，蒋晓兰、陈智勇也捐了。但是这个东西无所谓钱多钱少，哪怕象征性地捐一点。",[507,1180,1181],{},[502,1182,1183],{},"问：您认为，校友除了捐赠以外，还有什么能为母校母系做的事情？",[507,1185,1186,1187,517,1190,964,1193,584,1196,517,1199,517,1202,1205,1206,517,1209,584],{},"**大道：**每个人的情况都不一样，要看每个人的具体情况了。但是我认为这不是一个必要的东西，只要认为与母校有联系、有必要，就做。学生毕业离开学校后，其实和学校就没有太大的关系了。",[502,1188,1189],{},"与母校的感情产生关系的",[502,1191,1192],{},"是那些人",[502,1194,1195],{},"那些地方",[502,1197,1198],{},"如果回去都找不到原来能够联系的东西",[502,1200,1201],{},"原来的东西都不在了",[502,1203,1204],{},"我们就无法产生什么感情","。我现在回去还能见到杨冬晓。杨冬晓和我讲的时候，我就会很认真地听，因为有关联的东西在里头。",[502,1207,1208],{},"所以一个人能为母校母系做啥",[502,1210,1211],{},"完全取决于这些东西",[507,1213,1214,1215,517,1218,517,1221,584],{},"我们之间的师生关系还是蛮好的。周建华老师在我们毕业以后还来看过我们，不是因为你有钱了他来看你。那时候大家还是穷学生，他来北京出差，就把同学叫过来见见面，这不就是联络感情了嘛。这东西并不是谁欠谁的，他也不欠我，我也不欠他。给你举个例子吧，有一次北方某个校友会的人找到我，希望我能给他们捐钱。我说你知道我是谁吗？当然那时候公司已经蛮有名了。我问他：你除了知道我有钱以外，你还知道啥？他啥都不知道。他不知道我哪个系毕业的，也不知道我学什么，他只知道我有钱。",[502,1216,1217],{},"所以能为母校母系做什么",[502,1219,1220],{},"取决于和母校母系的联系",[502,1222,1223],{},"纯粹属于感情和缘分的东西",[507,1225,1226],{},[502,1227,1228],{},"问：您对大学生创业有什么看法？",[507,1230,1231,1232,517,1235,1238],{},"**大道：**我从来没鼓励过在读大学生创业，甚至不鼓励创业。为什么呢，因为你需要创业的时候，你必然会去创，这是一个水到渠成的过程，不要为创业而去创。你说你有一个很好的想法，别人都很喜欢，所以你要把它变成一个企业，变成一个公司。",[502,1233,1234],{},"但是如果只是为了当一个老板而去创业",[502,1236,1237],{},"那多半都会很惨","。你可以往回看，大学生创业不是现在的事情了，好多年前就有。那时候创业的大学生现在能有几个好的？我不反对大学期间去做一些生意，建立一些创业观念，但是不能把这个作为一个目标。",[507,1240,1241,517,1244,584,1247,517,1250,517,1253,584,1256,517,1259,584,1262,517,1265,584],{},[502,1242,1243],{},"苹果公司的CEO Tim Cook在某所高校做了一个毕业典礼的演讲",[502,1245,1246],{},"就是说你要找到自己的北斗星",[502,1248,1249],{},"你要知道什么是对的事情",[502,1251,1252],{},"然后你要一直朝那个方向走",[502,1254,1255],{},"那么几十年之后会有好的结果",[502,1257,1258],{},"这个东西不一定要毕业的时候想",[502,1260,1261],{},"上学的时候就可以去想了",[502,1263,1264],{},"只要心里真有想法",[502,1266,1267],{},"暂时失利或者错一步两步也是没关系的",[507,1269,1270,517,1273,517,1276,584,1279,584,1282,517,1285,517,1288,584,1291,517,1296,584],{},[502,1271,1272],{},"《功夫熊猫》你们一定都看过",[502,1274,1275],{},"第二部说的就是你不一定会有一个好的开始",[502,1277,1278],{},"但是决定未来的不是你的开始",[502,1280,1281],{},"我对这句话蛮有感触的",[502,1283,1284],{},"创业这个东西呢",[502,1286,1287],{},"该创的时候就去创",[502,1289,1290],{},"不要以为只要是大学生就该去创业",[502,1292,1293,1294],{},"我们需要",[514,1295,15],{"href":516},[502,1297,1298],{},[514,1299,19],{"href":520},[507,1301,1302,1304],{},[514,1303,19],{"href":520},"需要许多技能，但技能这个东西呢，学校里并不全教你，只是教你一部分，比方说学习方法。然后你得有好的成绩，到社会上别人看你成绩不错，就会放心让你去做某件事情，即使你不会，只要你去做了，能力就提高了。所以在学校里学习成绩不能太糟糕，人家一看成绩这么糟糕，第一印象就是这个人一定没有纪律性。如果你的成绩还可以，又有一个特长，比方说围棋下得特别好，乒乓球打得特别好，那么人家就会觉得这个人还是有毅力的，虽然成绩中等，但还是有两下子的。如果你是一个肯学习又会学习的人，那么三五年之后就厉害了。如果你啥都不行，人家怎么会用你？不用你你不就永远都没有机会了吗？端盘子还需要有水平呢，一般人端两下可能就倒了，能端得那么平衡就很不容易。当然,不能被专长所束缚。比如说，喜欢弹钢琴，不是说弹不到朗朗的水平就不好了，只要是想弹，很享受弹琴的过程就好了。如果你不是很享受，又想通过弹钢琴赚钱。那么日子会过得不容易。",[507,1306,1307,1308,1311,1312,1315],{},"沃伦·",[502,1309,1310],{},"巴菲特","的一家子公司，每年开股东大会的时候，第二天他会邀请一帮人和他一起吃顿饭。我记得有一回和我同一桌的有一女的，大概四五十岁的样子。我想被老巴叫过去的人，总是有点特长的。我就问她常来吗，她说她第一次来，是个瑜伽老师，她就喜欢瑜伽。我问她为什么来，她说她父亲是老巴最早的股东，现在她父亲过世了，那么她就来了。她继承了她父亲的遗产，但是她依然还是瑜伽老师。一个瑜伽老师也没多少收入，但她就非常享受。能和老巴吃饭的人，身价都不菲，如",[502,1313,1314],{},"比尔·盖茨","、芝加哥大学的校长等。",[507,1317,1318],{},"我不是说教钢琴不好，但是如果沉溺于某个技能的话就不好了，这也是我以前在想的。我绝对不能去当一个出租车司机，这样会整天开车，没时间去想别的事情。我也不做餐厅,因为餐厅要买菜啊，要这个要那个，当然能做成麦当劳那样也很好。",[507,1320,1321,517,1324,517,1327,517,1330,584,1333,517,1336,517,1339,584],{},[502,1322,1323],{},"所以你需要有一个“不为清单”",[502,1325,1326],{},"你应该早早地列一个这样的清单",[502,1328,1329],{},"碰到所列的事情就要把它排除掉",[502,1331,1332],{},"这样你才能聚焦在你想做的事情上",[502,1334,1335],{},"做喜欢的事呢",[502,1337,1338],{},"你就会很享受",[502,1340,1341],{},"就会很努力",[507,1343,1344,1345,517,1348,517,1351,1354,1355,517,1358,517,1361,584],{},"在我们那个年代，没有太多的选择，既然到了那个地方，那你就喜欢你做的事情吧，不然不就是和自己过不去吗？这会有两种结果：",[502,1346,1347],{},"一种是你确实发现自己很喜欢",[502,1349,1350],{},"那你就享受它了；另一种是你发现你确实不喜欢",[502,1352,1353],{},"那么你就需要做出改变","。我看有的人做不喜欢的事情，但一干就是二三十年，我觉得这些人属于想不开的那种，属于害怕改变的那种。我可以举个简单的例子，当年我刚去广东工作的时候，那时候有个公司叫星河音响，现在那个公司在不在我不知道了。那一个小的民营企业，那一年招了50个研究生，100个本科生，一个小企业哪能容得下那么多人。我在那里待了几个月就跑了，我觉得这是我不应该继续做的事情了，我需要做出改变。",[502,1356,1357],{},"我不知道接下来能不能找到自己喜欢做的事情",[502,1359,1360],{},"但我一定要先走",[502,1362,1363],{},"所以我就到了小霸王",[507,1365,1366,1367,1370,1371,1373,1374,1377],{},"那时候大家天天见面，天天一起打游戏。有个同事从澳门买了一台",[502,1368,1369],{},"任天堂","的游戏机借给我们玩了几天。我对",[502,1372,1369],{},"游戏是有感情的。我一玩游戏状态就好，所以我真正起家是从游戏开始的。有意思的是，这家公司大家都想离开（指星河），我走了两年以后，",[502,1375,1376],{},"小霸王","都全国闻名了，然后我回去过一趟，发现当年说要走的人并没真的走。我说你们这些人脑子坏了吗，两年前都说要走了怎么到现在还没走？他们说没有找到合适的地方。",[507,1379,1380,517,1383,584,1386,517,1389,584,1392,584,1395,517,1398,584],{},[502,1381,1382],{},"所以错的事情要尽快停止",[502,1384,1385],{},"停止了不管要付出多大的代价都是最小的代价",[502,1387,1388],{},"一发现这是不对的事情",[502,1390,1391],{},"你就要马上停手",[502,1393,1394],{},"我觉得很多人做不到这点",[502,1396,1397],{},"大多数人做不到",[502,1399,1400],{},"但是做到的人往往就会做得不错",[507,1402,1403],{},[502,1404,1405],{},"问：如果一件事情谈不上喜欢，也谈不上厌恶，那还要坚持下去吗？",[507,1407,1408,1409,517,1412,517,1415,584,1418,517,1421,584],{},"**大道：**这完全取决于你自己。说要去找喜欢的事情可一辈子都找不到，那可能就是你的问题了，因为这说明没有什么事情是你能坚持下来的。不管你做喜欢的事情也好，不喜欢的事情也好，中间都会有很多很多的困难。",[502,1410,1411],{},"为什么做喜欢的事情能做好呢？因为你能扛过去",[502,1413,1414],{},"但是对于不喜欢的事情",[502,1416,1417],{},"可能就放弃了",[502,1419,1420],{},"如果所有的事情都选择放弃",[502,1422,1423],{},"那就是你的问题了",[507,1425,1426,517,1429,584,1432,517,1435,1438],{},[502,1427,1428],{},"找不到喜欢的事情很悲哀",[502,1430,1431],{},"实际上大部分人都是这样",[502,1433,1434],{},"如果你碰到这种情况",[502,1436,1437],{},"也不要责怪自己","。但是有些人能找到，比如说你很享受家庭生活，那就找一份不太忙的工作，每天回家带带孩子，做做家务。",[507,1440,1441,517,1444,517,1447,584,1450,517,1453,517,1456,517,1459,584,1462,517,1465,517,1468,517,1471,584],{},[502,1442,1443],{},"所谓成功",[502,1445,1446],{},"不是说要多有钱",[502,1448,1449],{},"要有多少人围着你采访",[502,1451,1452],{},"我已经很久没接受媒体采访了",[502,1454,1455],{},"你现在媒体上看到关于我的东西很多都是别人编的",[502,1457,1458],{},"这些材料千篇一律",[502,1460,1461],{},"都是10多年前的旧材料",[502,1463,1464],{},"这两年我们公司的手机起来了",[502,1466,1467],{},"所以关于我的报道可能会多一些",[502,1469,1470],{},"但那些都是东抄西抄的",[502,1472,1473],{},"都跟我没关系",[507,1475,1476],{},[502,1477,1478],{},"问：不懂不碰？在生活中也是这样吗？",[507,1480,1481,1498,1499,1497,1502,517,1505,517,1508,517,1511,517,1514,1517,1518,1521,1522,1524],{},[502,1482,1483,1484,1497],{},"大道：",[502,1485,1486,1487,517,1490,517,1493,1496],{},"生活这个东西，关键看你享受什么。",[502,1488,1489],{},"不懂的东西你可以去尝试",[502,1491,1492],{},"但不能拿生命去尝试",[502,1494,1495],{},"投资也是一样","。比方说滑雪，如果你不会滑雪，跑到最高的地方扎下去，撞树了怪谁？如果你喜欢，得一点点来，一点点提高，得要清楚风险在哪儿，乐趣在哪儿。有人说他一生做了很多冒险的事情，比方说把钱都投给了","苹果","。我说冒险的事情不应该做。赌场里100万元一放，想要变成200万元，那下一把就没了。",[502,1500,1501],{},"我投",[502,1503,1504],{},"是因为我了解",[502,1506,1507],{},"我知道他强在哪里",[502,1509,1510],{},"知道它3年",[502,1512,1513],{},"5年",[502,1515,1516],{},"20年之后还是强在哪里","。我也了解",[502,1519,1520],{},"谷歌","，所以我有点",[502,1523,1520],{},"的股票很正常。",[507,1526,1527],{},[502,1528,1529],{},"问：我有好多人生观的道理不能完全想通，就很纠结，能否帮我理一下思路？",[507,1531,1532,517,1545,584,1548,517,1551,584],{},[502,1533,1483,1534,1542,1544],{},[502,1535,1536,1537,517],{},"这是一个年龄过程。",[502,1538,1539,1540],{},"我看到这个“",[514,1541,15],{"href":516},[514,1543,19],{"href":520},"”的道理是在大三的时候",[502,1546,1547],{},"但是我真的搞明白或许是20年之后",[502,1549,1550],{},"就算你被我点醒了",[502,1552,1553],{},"你可能得花个5年或10年时间去理解",[507,1555,1556,1557,1559,1560,1563,1564,1566,1567,1569,1570,1572],{},"我跟别人讲投资的时候，告诉他们买公司股票要看公司的未来。如果现在问我股票哪只好，那我干脆把我口袋里的钱给你算了。",[502,1558,1369],{},"这个公司当时市值比",[502,1561,1562],{},"网易","还低，但我觉得这个公司以后能挣钱，我就买了，甚至我都没认真看它的业绩。你看",[502,1565,1369],{},"有一次涨了一个多礼拜，你能理解吗？你不能理解。你会买吗？也不会买，因为你坐不住啊，明天涨了五块钱你就卖了。当初我买",[502,1568,1562],{},"的时候，别人不明白我为什么要买",[502,1571,1562],{},"。我自己是做游戏出身的，我知道它的市场有多大。当时买的时候一块多钱，现在200多元。当然我没拿那么久，我赚了大概一百三四十倍。",[507,1574,1575,1576,517,1579,584,1582,517,1585,517,1588,1591],{},"你如果不了解你买的东西，你不可能拿到一百倍，能拿到一倍就不错了。这个东西从哪儿学来？",[502,1577,1578],{},"首先学校不教这个东西",[502,1580,1581],{},"到了一定年龄你就会慢慢去感悟",[502,1583,1584],{},"有所为有所不为",[502,1586,1587],{},"这是道教几千年的东西了",[502,1589,1590],{},"就是聚焦啊","。现在提倡多元化，我们公司就蛮聚焦的，就算时间长了会有发散，大家说你又走偏了，你可以马上又回来。",[507,1593,1594,964,1600,584,1605,517,1615,517,1620,517,1623,584,1626,517,1629,584],{},[502,1595,1596,1597],{},"我们提倡",[514,1598,5],{"href":1599},"\u002Fbenfen",[502,1601,1602],{},[514,1603,11],{"href":1604},"\u002Fpingchangxin",[502,1606,1607,1609,1610,1612,1613],{},[514,1608,5],{"href":1599},"就是要",[514,1611,15],{"href":516},"和",[514,1614,19],{"href":520},[502,1616,1617,1619],{},[514,1618,11],{"href":1604},"就是想我们当年为什么要做这个",[502,1621,1622],{},"我们有没有走偏？我们要问自己：到底在干什么？所以要一直想这是不是件对的事情",[502,1624,1625],{},"而不是去想是不是有利益的",[502,1627,1628],{},"对的事情就要做下去",[502,1630,1631],{},"不对的事情就要赶紧停下来",[507,1633,1634],{},[502,1635,1636],{},"问15：您对大学生有什么寄语？",[507,1638,1639],{},"**大道：**就像我之前说的，找到你的北斗星，你们可以去找找Tim Cook的演讲，我忘了标题是什么。我自己给他起的标题是：找到你的北斗星。",[507,1641,1642,1643,964,1646,517,1649,964,1652,517,1655,517,1660,1663],{},"别人都问我有什么技能，我从来不讲技能，因为技能这个东西都是要自己学。比方说打高尔夫，我会告诉你打高尔夫的体会。",[502,1644,1645],{},"一杆打得远",[502,1647,1648],{},"打得近都没关系",[502,1650,1651],{},"一杆打得好",[502,1653,1654],{},"打得差也没关系",[502,1656,1657,1658],{},"要有",[514,1659,11],{"href":1604},[502,1661,1662],{},"一杆一杆地打","。很多人上一杆打糟了，下一杆就想打好一点、打远一点，想把它弥补回来。",[507,1665,1666],{},"有的人做生意不顺，想下一单夺回来，所以冒更大的风险，然后又砸了，很多人都是这样将企业做死的。",[507,1668,1669],{},"【本文完】",{"title":1671,"searchDepth":13,"depth":13,"links":1672},"",[],"段永平回忆浙大岁月，阐述做对的事情哲学、北极星概念及人生选择建议。","md",{},true,"\u002Fdao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang",{"title":280,"description":1673},"2016年浙大60周年专访｜段永平投资问答录","dao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang","Q8r338oaXPrSH9cdHAZG_n2z-m9TVb1mwr_6q_hjCJU","dao",1782116792929]