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to Last）。段永平深受此书影响，将这一框架广泛用于评估企业创始人和领导者。所谓\"报时人\"是指凭个人天赋做出正确判断、做出伟大产品的人；而\"造钟人\"则是建立了一套持久运转的机制（",[509,510,104],"a",{"href":511},"\u002Fqiyewenhua","、制度、团队），使企业即使在创始人离开后依然能够持续运转。",[505,514,515,516,520],{},"段永平最早使用这一概念是在2011年投资",[517,518,519],"strong",{},"苹果","时：",[522,523,524],"blockquote",{},[505,525,526,527,529,530,532],{},"\"我曾经一直认为jobs是个造钟人，最近突然觉得只有jobs的",[517,528,519],{},"是不可能成为今天这个样子的。今天的",[517,531,519],{},"，jobs的作用已经不是那么大了。\"（2011-01-23）",[501,534,535],{"id":535},"核心要义",[537,538,540],"h3",{"id":539},"_1-造钟人建立的是持久运转的体系","1. 造钟人建立的是持久运转的体系",[505,542,543,544,546],{},"造钟人的核心价值不在于个人能力有多强，而在于他能建立一套体系——",[509,545,104],{"href":511},"、制度、人才梯队——使企业超越个人而长存。",[522,548,549],{},[505,550,551,552,555,556,558,559,561],{},"\"",[517,553,554],{},"乔布斯","算是一个造钟人，他建立这样的一个",[509,557,104],{"href":511},"，",[517,560,519],{},"的用户导向是非常强的。\"（2025年，与田朴珺对话）",[537,563,565],{"id":564},"_2-造钟人vs报时人本质区别","2. 造钟人vs报时人：本质区别",[505,567,568,569,571],{},"《基业长青》原书认为",[517,570,554],{},"是\"报时人\"，但段永平后来修正了这个判断：",[522,573,574],{},[505,575,576,577,579,580,582,583,585,586,589],{},"\"《基业长青》这套书专门说过",[517,578,554],{},"是个'报时人'，所以大概2002、2003年第一次看",[517,581,519],{},"时（当时市值好像只有大约50亿美元，现金也是差不多这个数），我受这本书的影响，没太认真看就直接跳掉了。还好2011年初突然想明白了，觉得",[517,584,554],{},"实际上是个恰好也会报时的'造钟人'，而且库克是个更好的CEO（更",[509,587,170],{"href":588},"\u002Flixing","）。想通这两点后，就开始下手买了……\"（2020-01-07）",[537,591,593],{"id":592},"_3-判断造钟人要看钟而非看人","3. 判断造钟人要看\"钟\"而非看\"人\"",[522,595,596],{},[505,597,598,599,601],{},"网友问：\"是什么事情让您突然悟到",[517,600,554],{},"还是一个很好的造钟人？\"\n\"因为我看见那个钟了。\"（2012-03-29）",[505,603,604],{},"这句话极为精炼——判断一个企业家是否是造钟人，不是看他说了什么、做了什么，而是看他留下的体系（\"钟\"）能否持续运转。",[537,606,608],{"id":607},"_4-造钟人能发现和培养接班人","4. 造钟人能发现和培养接班人",[522,610,611],{},[505,612,613,614,616],{},"\"库克其实就是",[517,615,554],{},"最伟大的发明（发现）之一。\"（2018-08-07）",[505,618,619],{},"段永平认为，造钟人的重要标志之一是能选对接班人，使企业文化得以传承。",[501,621,622],{"id":622},"实战案例",[537,624,626,628],{"id":625},"乔布斯从报时人到造钟人的认知转变",[517,627,554],{},"：从\"报时人\"到\"造钟人\"的认知转变",[505,630,631],{},"这是段永平使用\"造钟人\"概念最经典的案例。他经历了完整的认知转变过程：",[633,634,635,648,659],"ol",{},[636,637,638,641,642,644,645,647],"li",{},[517,639,640],{},"2002-2003年","：受《基业长青》影响，认为",[517,643,554],{},"是报时人，错过了市值仅50亿美元的",[517,646,519],{},"。",[636,649,650,653,654,656,657,647],{},[517,651,652],{},"2011年","：突然想明白",[517,655,554],{},"\"实际上是个恰好也会报时的造钟人\"，开始大量买入",[517,658,519],{},[636,660,661,664,665,667,668,670],{},[517,662,663],{},"2018年","：进一步明确\"《基业长青》里说",[517,666,554],{},"是个报时人，其实",[517,669,554],{},"同时还是个非常好的造钟人\"。",[537,672,674],{"id":673},"库克造钟人留下的钟的验证","库克：造钟人留下的\"钟\"的验证",[522,676,677],{},[505,678,679,680,682,683,685,686,688],{},"\"其实，库克是个比",[517,681,554],{},"更好的CEO。库克更",[509,684,170],{"href":588},"，同时骨子里对",[517,687,554],{},"的追求非常理解。\"（2018-08-07）",[505,690,691,692,694,695,697,698,700],{},"库克的成功本身就证明了",[517,693,554],{},"是造钟人——他建立的",[509,696,104],{"href":511},"和体系，让一个性格完全不同的接班人也能把",[517,699,519],{},"经营得很好。",[537,702,704],{"id":703},"马斯克报时人的典型","马斯克：报时人的典型",[522,706,707],{},[505,708,551,709,712],{},[517,710,711],{},"芒格","对马斯克的评价非常中肯，他说马斯克是个被证明了的天才，他的智商可能有190，但他自己以为自己是250。现在看来他干的事情有时候真是250啊。马斯克的天赋有时候可以让他做一个不错的报时人，但他太享受报时了。\"（2018-09-28）",[505,714,715],{},"2025年网友问段永平投资特斯拉是否看到马斯克也是造钟人时，段永平调侃说：\"马斯克很可能不是人，厉害的地方确实厉害。\"并解释\"说他'不是人'是跟在'报时人'和'造钟人'后面的，有点调侃但也是想说他确实很不一样。\"（2025-11-24）",[537,717,719,722],{"id":718},"茅台的造钟人季克良",[517,720,721],{},"茅台","的造钟人：季克良",[522,724,725],{},[505,726,727,728,730],{},"网友问：\"",[517,729,721],{},"的造钟人是季克良吗？\"\n段永平：\"他起了至关重要的作用。\"（2025-12-13）",[537,732,734,735,738],{"id":733},"段永平自己oppo的造钟人之一","段永平自己：",[517,736,737],{},"OPPO","的造钟人之一",[522,740,741],{},[505,742,743,744,746,748],{},"网友说：\"",[517,745,737],{},[509,747,104],{"href":511},"，造钟人阿段。\"\n段永平：\"之一。\"（2025-10-30）",[505,750,751,752,754,755,757],{},"段永平对自己在",[517,753,737],{},"中的角色定位很谦逊，只说\"之一\"，暗示",[509,756,104],{"href":511},"的建立是集体努力的结果。",[501,759,760],{"id":760},"常见误解",[537,762,764],{"id":763},"误解一造钟人和报时人是非此即彼的","误解一：造钟人和报时人是非此即彼的",[505,766,767,768,770,771,773],{},"段永平通过",[517,769,554],{},"的案例说明，一个人可以同时是造钟人和报时人。",[517,772,554],{},"\"实际上是个恰好也会报时的造钟人\"——他既有个人天才（报时），又建立了持久体系（造钟）。",[537,775,777],{"id":776},"误解二看了基业长青就能正确分类","误解二：看了《基业长青》就能正确分类",[505,779,780,781,783,784,786],{},"段永平自己就因为过于信赖《基业长青》对",[517,782,554],{},"的分类而错过了2002-2003年的",[517,785,519],{},"。他的教训是：要自己去观察\"钟\"是否存在，而非简单套用书本结论。",[537,788,790],{"id":789},"误解三造钟人离开后企业就会衰落","误解三：造钟人离开后企业就会衰落",[522,792,793],{},[505,794,551,795,797,798,801],{},[517,796,519],{},"的",[509,799,125],{"href":800},"\u002Fpingtai","已经搭好，就像当年三大战役已经打完一样，jobs在不在影响都不大了。\"（2011-02-18）",[505,803,804],{},"真正的造钟人建立的体系恰恰能让企业在创始人离开后继续良好运转。",[501,806,807],{"id":807},"思想演变",[537,809,811],{"id":810},"_2002-2003年照搬基业长青的分类","2002-2003年：照搬《基业长青》的分类",[505,813,814,815,817,818,820],{},"段永平最初完全接受《基业长青》对",[517,816,554],{},"\"报时人\"的定性，因此错过了",[517,819,519],{},"。这一阶段他对造钟人\u002F报时人的理解还停留在理论层面。",[537,822,824],{"id":823},"_2011年认知突破","2011年：认知突破",[505,826,827,828,797,830,833,834,836,837,840,841,843,844,846],{},"通过观察",[517,829,519],{},[509,831,129],{"href":832},"\u002Fshengtaixitong","、",[509,835,104],{"href":511},"和",[509,838,53],{"href":839},"\u002Fshangyemoshi","，段永平\"看见了那个钟\"，修正了对",[517,842,554],{},"的判断。这一认知转变直接促成了他投资",[517,845,519],{},"的决策。",[537,848,850],{"id":849},"_2018-2020年框架成熟","2018-2020年：框架成熟",[505,852,853],{},"段永平开始更灵活地运用造钟人\u002F报时人框架，不再简单二分，而是认识到同一个人可以兼具两种特质。他用这个框架评估库克、马斯克等不同类型的企业领导者。",[537,855,857],{"id":856},"_2025年广泛应用","2025年：广泛应用",[505,859,860,861,863,864,866,867,869],{},"段永平将造钟人概念扩展到更多企业，包括",[517,862,721],{},"的季克良、",[517,865,737],{},"的创建团队等，使这一概念从单纯评估",[517,868,519],{},"变成了评估所有企业领导者的通用工具。",[501,871,872],{"id":872},"原话引用",[522,874,875],{},[505,876,526,877,529,879,532],{},[517,878,519],{},[517,880,519],{},[522,882,883],{},[505,884,576,885,887,888,890],{},[517,886,554],{},"是个'报时人'……还好2011年初突然想明白了，觉得",[517,889,554],{},"实际上是个恰好也会报时的'造钟人'。\"（2020-01-07）",[522,892,893],{},[505,894,895,896,898],{},"\"是什么事情让您突然悟到",[517,897,554],{},"还是一个很好的造钟人？\"\"因为我看见那个钟了。\"（2012-03-29）",[522,900,901],{},[505,902,613,903,616],{},[517,904,554],{},[522,906,907],{},[505,908,551,909,555,911,558,913,561],{},[517,910,554],{},[509,912,104],{"href":511},[517,914,519],{},[522,916,917],{},[505,918,919],{},"\"马斯克的天赋有时候可以让他做一个不错的报时人，但他太享受报时了。\"（2018-09-28）",[522,921,922],{},[505,923,551,924,926],{},[517,925,721],{},"的造钟人是季克良吗？\"\"他起了至关重要的作用。\"（2025-12-13）",[522,928,929],{},[505,930,551,931,933,935],{},[517,932,737],{},[509,934,104],{"href":511},"，造钟人阿段。\"\"之一。\"（2025-10-30）",{"title":937,"searchDepth":13,"depth":13,"links":938},"",[939,940,946,956,961,967],{"id":503,"depth":13,"text":503},{"id":535,"depth":13,"text":535,"children":941},[942,943,944,945],{"id":539,"depth":17,"text":540},{"id":564,"depth":17,"text":565},{"id":592,"depth":17,"text":593},{"id":607,"depth":17,"tex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to Last）。段永平深受此书影响，将这一框架广泛用于评估企业创始人和领导者。所谓\"报时人\"是指凭个人天赋做出正确判断、做出伟...","md",{},true,"\u002Fdao\u002Fconcepts\u002Fzaozhongren",{"title":137,"description":968},"段永平谈造钟人：\"造钟人\"与\"报时人\"的概念源自吉姆·柯林斯的《基业长青》（Built to Last）。段永平深受此书影响，将这一框架广泛用于评估企业创始人和领导者。所谓\"报时人\"是指凭个人天赋做出正确判断、做出伟...","造钟人｜段永平投资问答录","dao\u002Fconcepts\u002Fzaozhongren","5LPHLImRmC_gG-ovErGwSkOph-G_soiFN4MH3Q55yuE","dao",1782116792057]